论文类型：期刊论文
论文编号：1367-4803
发表刊物：Bioinformatics
收录刊物：SCI
学科门类：工学
一级学科：计算机科学与技术
文献类型：J
卷号：39
期号：1
ISSN号：1367-4803
DOI码：10.1093/bioinformatics/btac744
发表时间：2023-01-01
影响因子：6.9
摘要：Motivation: Symptom-based automatic diagnostic system queries the patient's potential symptoms through continuous interaction with the patient and makes predictions about possible diseases. A few studies use reinforcement learning (RL) to learn the optimal policy from the joint action space of symptoms and diseases. However, existing RL (or Non-RL) methods focus on disease diagnosis while ignoring the importance of symptom inquiry. Although these systems have achieved considerable diagnostic accuracy, they are still far below its performance upper bound due to few turns of interaction with patients and insufficient performance of symptom inquiry. To address this problem, we propose a new automatic diagnostic framework called DxFormer, which decouples symptom inquiry and disease diagnosis, so that these two modules can be independently optimized. The transition from symptom inquiry to disease diagnosis is parametrically determined by the stopping criteria. In DxFormer, we treat each symptom as a token, and formalize the symptom inquiry and disease diagnosis to a language generation model and a sequence classification model, respectively. We use the inverted version of Transformer, i.e. the decoder-encoder structure, to learn the representation of symptoms by jointly optimizing the reinforce reward and cross-entropy loss. Results: We conduct experiments on three real-world medical dialogue datasets, and the experimental results verify the feasibility of increasing diagnostic accuracy by improving symptom recall. Our model overcomes the shortcomings of previous RL-based methods. By decoupling symptom query from the process of diagnosis, DxFormer greatly improves the symptom recall and achieves the state-of-the-art diagnostic accuracy.