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论文类型：论文集

发表刊物：Surgical Endoscopy

摘要：Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is one of the most frequently performed procedures in operating rooms (OR), intensive care units (ICUs) and emergency departments (ED). Failure to intubate may result in severe morbidity and mortality. The traditional training methods, e.g., plastic mannequins or patient-based training, limit the opportunity for residents to deliberately practice this skill in varied patient anatomical and clinical conditions. Therefore, a virtual reality (VR)-based ETI trainer with visual and haptic feedback as well as skill assessment is highly desired.